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ASTM A788 / A788M Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
This specification covers a group of common requirements that, unless covered by the individual product specification in another ASTM document, applies to steel forgings for general use. Materials shall be produced primarily by either electric-furnace, basic oxygen, vacuum-induction (VIM), or open-hearth melting process. The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting, using electro slag (ESR) or vacuum arc remelting (VAR). Steel shall be forged by any of these three classes based on forging temperature: cold-worked forging, hot-cold-worked forging, or hot-worked forging. After forging, specimens shall be allowed to cool prior to reheating for heat treatment. Details of heat and product analyses for the evaluation of chemical composition are thoroughly discussed. Tension and hardness tests shall be conducted to evaluate mechanical properties such as percentage of elongation and reduction of area. Repair welding shall not be allowed unless permitted by the product specification.
1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the individual product specification, shall apply to steel forgings under any of the following specifications issued by ASTM.

1.2 In case of conflict in requirements, the requirements of the individual product specifications shall prevail over those of this specification.

1.3 The purchaser may specify additional requirements (see 4.2.3) that do not negate any of the provisions of either this specification or of the individual product specifications. The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the order.

1.4 If, by agreement, forgings are to be supplied in a partially completed condition, that is, all of the provisions of the product specification have not been filled, then the material marking (see Section 17) and certification (see Section 16) shall reflect the extent to which the product specification requirements have been met.

1.5 As noted in the Certification Section (16), the number and year date of this specification, as well as that of the product specification, are required to be included in the product certification.

1.6 When the SI version of a product specification is required by the purchase order, Specification A788/A788M shall be used in conjunction with Test Methods A1058 instead of Test Methods and Definitions A370.

1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

2. Referenced Documents

ASTM Standards

A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A288 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators
A289/A289M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators
A290/A290M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears
A291/A291M Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears and Shafts for Reduction Gears
A336/A336M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A372/A372M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
A427/A427M Specification for Wrought Alloy Steel Rolls for Cold and Hot Reduction
A469/A469M Specification for Vacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors
A470/A470M Specification for Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotors and Shafts
A471/A471M Specification for Vacuum-Treated Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels
A504/A504M Specification for Wrought Carbon Steel Wheels
A508/A508M Specification for Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels
A521/A521M Specification for Steel, Closed-Impression Die Forgings for General Industrial Use
A541/A541M Specification for Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
A551/A551M Specification for Carbon Steel Tires for Railway and Rapid Transit Applications
A579/A579M Specification for Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings
A592/A592M Specification for High-Strength Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Steel Forged Parts for Pressure Vessels
A646/A646M Specification for Premium Quality Alloy Steel Blooms and Billets for Aircraft and Aerospace Forgings
A649/A649M Specification for Forged Steel Rolls Used for Corrugating Paper Machinery
A668/A668M Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use
A711/A711M Specification for Steel Forging Stock
A723/A723M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for High-Strength Pressure Component Application
A729/A729M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Axles, Heat-Treated, for Mass Transit and Electric Railway Service
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A765/A765M Specification for Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel Pressure-Vessel-Component Forgings with Mandatory Toughness Requirements
A768/A768M Specification for Vacuum-Treated 12 % Chromium Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotors and Shafts
A833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers
A837/A837M Specification for Steel Forgings, Alloy, for Carburizing Applications
A859/A859M Specification for Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
A891/A891M Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels
A909/A909M Specification for Steel Forgings, Microalloy, for General Industrial Use
A939/A939M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical Forgings
A940/A940M Specification for Vacuum Treated Steel Forgings, Alloy, Differentially Heat Treated, for Turbine Rotors
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A965/A965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts
A966/A966M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings Using Alternating Current
A982/A982M Specification for Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils
A983/A983M Specification for Continuous Grain Flow Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Crankshafts for Medium Speed Diesel Engines
A986/A986M Specification for Magnetic Particle Examination of Continuous Grain Flow Crankshaft Forgings
A991/A991M Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
A1021/A1021M Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service
A1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components
A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products--Metric
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System)
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIc of Metallic Materials
E428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Testing
E1290 Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Fracture Toughness Measurement
E1820 Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness
E1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals

Other Standards

ANSI/ASME B46.1 Surface Texture
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

Keywords
Forgings; Steel; Steel Forgings
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